@article{142601,
  author = {Jo{\~a}o Verissimo and Michael D. Rugg and Mariel Y. Pullman and Laura Babcock and Dana A. Glei and Maxine Weinstein and Noreen Goldman and Jana Reifegerste and Michael T. Ullman},
  title = {Early-Life Education May Help Bolster Declarative Memory in Old Age, Especially for Women},
  abstract = { Although declarative memory declines with age, sex and education might moderate these weaknesses. We investigated effects of sex and education on nonverbal declarative (recognition) memory in 704 older adults (aged~58{\textendash}98,~0{\textendash}17~years of education). Items were drawings of real and made-up~objects. Age negatively impacted declarative memory, though this age effect was moderated by sex and object-type: it was steeper for males than females, but only for real objects. Education was positively associated with memory, but also interacted with sex and object-type: education benefited women more than men (countering the age effects, especially for women), and remembering real more than made-up~objects. The findings suggest that nonverbal memory in older adults is associated negatively with age but positively with education; both effects are modulated by sex, and by whether learning relates to preexisting or new information. The study suggests downstream benefits from education, especially for girls. },
  year = {2020},
  journal = {Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition},
  url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13825585.2020.1736497},
  language = {eng},
}